Thomas Hart Benton first traveled to Martha’s Vineyard in 1920, far ahead of the crowds that eventually transformed it into a popular vacation destination. The region had a profound impact on the artist, prompting him to later purchase a cottage in the town of Chilmark. A dynamic example of Benton’s nature subjects, Paint Mill Brook, Chilmark (Woodland Stream) (1969) was produced in Chilmark on Martha’s Vineyard, where the artist entered a highly prolific period of his career. Benton’s lush portrayal of the natural world contrasts with the industrial purpose of King’s Paint Mill, founded north of Roaring Brook to transform clay deposits into powder used to make paint. In the present work, Benton applied polymer tempera to the paper sheet in controlled but lively strokes, reflecting the sinuous curves of the flowing brook.