Alfred Maurer was one of the first American artists to embrace European modernist painting styles. He was influenced by his time in avant-garde circles in Paris in the early 20th century and explored various painting techniques throughout his career. His early work, including The Woman in White, reflects a figurative style inspired by artists like William Merritt Chase and James McNeill Whistler, emphasizing tonal harmony and mood over naturalism. During this period, Maurer focused on depicting women in domestic interiors, highlighting the sense of isolation within the confines of social class or a sheltered life.

Maurer won the Carnegie International first prize medal in 1901, along with a handful of other prizes and awards that reflected recognition for his work. However, despite his early success, he faced challenges reconciling his innovative artistic vision with American tastes. After returning to the U.S. due to the outbreak of World War I, Maurer exhibited his art infrequently but continued to develop a uniquely American aesthetic. Gallerist and collector Erhard Weyhe purchased Maurer's studio contents in 1924 and showcased his work annually until Maurer's death in 1932. The Woman in White has remained in the Weyhe family collection and has rarely been publicly exhibited.